Other components
Blood vessels: maintain constant temperature, dilate in response to heat and constrict in cold.
Sebaceous glands: secrete sebum, keeps oily.
Sweat glands: located all over body and produce sweat, which evaporates to cool the body.
Hair Follicle.
Collagen: protein making 75% of it. Ageing diminishes the body's ability to produce collagen.
Elastin: protein found with collagen.
Keratin: strongest protein, dominant in hair and skin.
Functions
Waterproof, insulating shield.
Guarding body against extremes of temperature.
Protects from bacteria and infections.
Manufactures vitamin D.
It has sensory receptors.
Skin Color
Due to Melanin.
Melanin pigment is produced by epidermis.
It protects from harmful UV rays.
Fair people have less melanin, and have serious risk of damage from UV rays.
Skin Types
Normal
smooth texture and a rosy, clear surface, with fine pores.
No visible blemishes, greasy patches or flaky areas.
Sebum production, moisture content, keratinisation and desquamation is well balanced.
Often found in young persons.
Oily
Increased amount of lipids, due to overactive sebaceous glands.
Shiny, thick with enlarged pores.
Prone to blackheads and acne.
Adolescents.
Dry
Lack of moisture in outer layer.
Results in tightness and flaking.
Accentuated fine lines and wrinkles.
In severe cases itching and burning can occur.
Extreme cases- cracks and fissuring.
Combination
Dry in some parts and oily in other.
On face its dry on the cheeks, while its oily in t-zone (nose, forehead and chin)
Changes in Skin type
Skin type is not always the same.
Variations can be there not just season to season, but month to month and even weekly.
Fluctuations can be due to weather, stress levels etc.
Products for different skin types have the same active ingredients like sunscreen, antioxidants, etc. but the base and delivery agents (lotion, cream, gel, serum or liquid) can be different.
Different factors that determine the type
Internal factors
Hormonal
Genetic predisposition
Disorders- dermatitis, rosacea, psoriasis
Medications
Diet
External factors
Weather
Daily care routine
Sun exposure
Pollution
